ab, abs, a, prep. with abl. (1) of motion or measurement in space, from, away from. (2) of time, from, after. (3) of separation, difference, change, from ; so of position or number, counting from ; and of the relation of part to whole, out of, of. (4) of origin and agency; especially with passive verbs, by, at the hands of, because of. (5) viewed from, on the side of : 'a tergo', in the rear; hence in connection with, as regards.
abacus -i, m. a square board ; hence sideboard, counting board, gaming board, ceiling panel.
abalienatio -onis, f. transfer of property.
abalieno -are, to make alien, separate, estrange.
abavus -i, m. great-great-grandfather.
Abdera -orum, n. pl., also -ae, f., a town in Thrace, noted for the stupidity of its inhabitants.
abdicatio -onis, f. disowning, renunciation.
abdico (1) -are, to renounce, reject; esp. of magistracies, to abdicate, often with reflex. and ablative of office.
abdico (2) -dicere -dixi -dictum, in augury, to disapprove of.
abdo -dere -didi -ditum, to put away, withdraw, remove; esp. to secrete, hide. Hence partic. abditus -a -um, concealed, secret. Adv. abdite.
abdomen -inis, n. belly; hence gluttony.
abduco -ducere -duxi -ductum, to lead or take away, detach, withdraw.
abeo -ire -ii -itum, to go away; 'abi', be off with you; 'abi in malam rem' go to the devil. Trans., to retire from office; to depart from life, die; in discussion, to digress; in form, to change; of things, to pass away, disappear, vanish; to pass over from owner to owner.
abequito -are, to ride off.
aberratio -onis, f. escape, relief.
aberro -are, to wander, deviate, escape.
abhinc, (1) hereafter. (2) ago: 'abhinc annos tres', or 'annis tribus', three years ago.
abhorreo -ere, to shrink back from; hence to be inconsistent with or opposed to; 'a fide' to be incredible. Pres. part., as adj., unseasonable, inappropriate.
abicio -icere -ieci -iectum, to throw down or away. Transf., to pronounce carelessly, break off abruptly ; to get rid of, give up; to dash to the ground, weaken, dishearten. Hence partic. abiectus -a -um; of position low, common; of character cowardly, mean; of style, without force, prosaic. Adv. abiecte, without spirit, meanly.
abiectio -onis, f. throwing away; 'animi', despondency, despair.
abiegnus -a -um, of fir wood.
abies -etis, f. the silver fir; meton., anything made of fir, such as a ship or spear.
abigo -ere -egi -actum, to drive away; of cattle, to remove, steal. Transf., to banish, be rid of: 'uxorem', to divorce.
abitio -onis, f. going away, departure; place of egress.
abitus -us, m., going away, departure; place of egress.
abiudico -are, to take away by a judgement.
abiungo -iungere -iunxi -iunctum, to unharness; hence to estrange, detach.
abiuro -are, to abjure, deny on oath.
ablativus -a -um, ablative.
ablegatio -onis, f. sending away, banishment.
ablego -are, to send away, remove to a distance.
abligurio -ire, to lick away; hence to squander.
abludo -ere, to be out of tune.
abluo -luere -lui -lutum, to wash clean; to wash away.
abnego -are, to deny, refuse.
abnepos -otis, m. great-great-grandson.
abneptis -is, f. great-great-granddaughter.
abnocto -are, to stay out all night.
abnormis -e, irregular, unconventional.
abnuo -nuere -nui, fut. partic. -nuiturus, to refuse by a gesture,to deny.
aboleo -ere -evi -itum, to destroy, do away with.
abolesco -ere -evi, to perish.
abolitio -onis, f. removing, annulling, abolition.
abolla -ae, f. a cloak of thick woollen cloth.
abomino -are and abominor -ari, dep. (1) to deprecate: 'quod abominor', God forbid. (2) to hate, detest.
aborior -oriri -ortus, dep.: of heavenly bodies, to set; poet., of the voice, to fail.
aboriscor -i, = aborior: q.v.
abortio -onis, f. untimely birth, miscarriage.
abortivus -a -um, prematurely born.
abortus -us, m. miscarriage.
abrado -radere -rasi -rasum, to scrape off, shave. Transf., to squeeze out, to extort.
abripio -ripere -ripui -reptum, to snatch away, drag off, remove, detach.
abrodo -rodere -rosi -rosum, to gnaw off.
abrogatio -onis, f. annulling, repealing.
abrogo -are, to repeal, annul, remove, take away.
abrotonum -i, n. and abrotonus -i, m. southern-wood.
abrumpo -rumpere -rupi -ruptum, to break off, sever; to remove, dissociate; to break off prematurely, destroy. Hence partic. abruptus -a -um, steep, precipitous, abrupt, rough. N. as subst., a steep place. Adv. abrupte.
abruptio -onis, f. tearing away; hence divorce.
abscedo -cedere -cessi -cessum, to go away, depart, retire, desert.
abscessio -onis, f. going away, separation.
abscessus -us, m. going away, withdrawal.
abscido -cidere -cidi -cisum, to cut off; to separate or take away. Hence partic. abscisus -a -um, precipitous, abrupt, short.
abscindo -scindere -scidi -scissum, to tear off, wrench away; 'venas', to cut open the veins; poet., 'abscissa comas', with her hair torn. Transf., to divide or separate.
abscondo -condere -condi (-condidi) -conditum (-consum), to conceal; to lose sight of; pass., of stars, to set. Adv. from partic., abscondite, obscurely.
absens -entis, absent; see also absum.
absentia -ae, f. absence.
absilio -ire -ii or -ui, to spring forth or away.
absimilis -e, unlike.
absinthium -i, n. wormwood.
absisto -sistere -stiti, to go away from a place or person; to desist from an action.
absolutio -onis, f. (1) acquittal. (2) perfection.
absolutorius -a -um, relating to acquittal.
absolvo -solvere -solvi -solutum, to loosen, to free: of an accused person, to acquit.; of a subject, to dispose of, relate in full; in gen. to complete. Hence partic. absolutus -a -um, perfect, complete; unfettered, unconditional. Adv. absolute, perfectly, completely.
absonus -a -um, inharmonious, discordant, disagreeing.
absorbeo -ere -ui, to swallow, gulp down; hence to carry away, engross.
absque, prep. with abl. without.
abstemius -a -um, temperate, abstemious.
abstergeo -tergere -tersi -tersum, to wipe off, clean away.
absterreo -ere, to frighten away.
abstinentia -ae, f. self-denial, temperance; sometimes fasting.
abstineo -tinere -tinui -tensum: transit., to hold back; intransit., to abstain. Hence present partic. abstinens -entis, temperate. Adv. abstinenter.
absto -are, to stand aloof.
abstraho -trahere -traxi -tractum, to drag away; hence to remove, exclude, restrain.
abstrudo -trudere -trusi -trusum, to push away, hide. Hence partic. abstrusus -a -um, concealed, secret, abstruse; of character, reserved.
absum abesse afui, (1) to be away, be absent or missing; hence to take no part in a thing, fail to help. (2) to be far away, to be distant; hence to be far from doing a thing, to be free from a fault.
absumo -sumere -sumpsi -sumptum, to reduce, consume, waste, destroy.
absurdus -a -um, unmelodious, harsh. Transf., foolish, unreasonable, out of place; of persons, incapable. Hence adv. absurde, harshly, discordantly; foolishly.
abundantia -ae, f. abundance, plenty; riches, wealth.
abunde, copiously, abundantly; with 'est' and genit., there is plenty of a thing.
abundo -are, to overflow; to grow in abundance; to abound, be rich in, esp. with abl. Hence partic. abundans -antis, overflowing; abundant, numerous; abounding in; adv. abundanter, abundantly, copiously.
abusque, prep. with abl., from.
abusus -us, m. using up, wasting.
abutor -uti -usus, dep., with abl. (1) to make full use of. (2) to abuse, waste; esp. to use a word wrongly.
ac, see atque.
Academia -ae, f., the Academy, a grove near Athens where Plato taught; meton., the Academic school of philosophy. Hence adj. Academicus -a -um,; n. pl. Academica, Cicero's treatise on the Academic philosophy.
acalanthis and acanthis -idis, f., a small bird, perhaps siskin.
acanthus -i, m. (1) bear's foot, a plant. (2) a thorny evergreen.
Acarnania -ae, f. Acarnania, a country in western Greece.
Acca Larentia, a Roman goddess; Larentalia or Accalia -ium, n. pl., her festival at Rome in December.
accedo -cedere -cessi -cessum, to approach, come near; of persons, to enter upon a course; 'ad rem publicam', to begin public life; of things, to be added; 'hic accedit ut', it is also true that, moreover.
accelero -are: transit., to quicken, accelerate; intransit., to hasten.
accendo -cendere -cendi -censum, to kindle, set alight, set on fire. Transf., to fire, inflame, excite.
accenseo -censere -censum, to reckon in addition. Hence partic. accensus -a -um, reckoned with; m. as subst., an attendant; in plural, accensi, reserve troops, supernumeraries.
acceptio -onis, f. reception, acceptance.
accepto -are, to receive.
acceptus -a -um, partic. from accipio; q.v.
accerso, = arcesso; q.v.
accessio -onis, f. a going or coming to; increase; a thing added, appendage.
accessus -us, m. approach, access; means of approach, entrance.
accido (1) -cidere -cidi -cisum, to hew or hack at; hence to weaken, ruin.
accido (2) -cidere -cidi, to fall down; 'ad pedes', to fall at a person's feet. Transf., to happen, fall out.
accieo -ere, obs. form of accio; q.v.
accingo -cingere -cinxi -cinctum, to gird on a weapon; to equip, arm a person; with reflex., or in pass., to arm oneself, hence to make oneself ready.
accio -ire -ivi (-ii) -itum, to call, summon.
accipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum, to take, receive, accept. Esp. with the senses, to hear, feel, etc.; with the understanding, to grasp, to learn; also to take, interpret in a certain sense; of persons, to receive hospitably or treat in any particular manner; in business, 'acceptum referre', to enter on the credit side of an account book, hence, to consider oneself indebted to someone for a thing. Hence partic. acceptus -a -um, welcome, pleasant, agreeable.
accipiter -tris, m. a hawk.
accitus -us, m. a summons.
Accius -a -um, name of a Roman gens; esp. of L. Accius, tragic poet (170-c.85 B.C.)
acclamatio -onis, f. a loud cry.
acclamo -are, to cry out (in approval or otherwise);with acc. of person, to name by acclamation.
acclaro -are, to make clear, reveal.
acclinis -e, leaning towards, inclined to.
acclino -are, to lean towards, incline to.
acclivis -e, inclined upwards.
acclivitas -atis, f. upward slope.
acclivus -a -um, = acclivis ; q.v.
accola -ae, m. or f. neighbor; as adj. living near, neighboring.
accolo -colere -colui -cultum, to live near.
accommodatio -onis, f.(1) proportion or adjusting.(2) courteousness.
accommodatus -a -um, partic. from accommodo; q.v.
accommodo -are, to fit, put on equipment, etc.; to make suitable, adjust, adapt. Hence partic. accommodatus -a -um, adapted, suitable; adv. accommodate, agreeably.
accommodus -a -um, fit, adapted.
accredo -credere -credidi -creditum, to believe (with dat.).
accresco -crecere -crevi -cretum, to grow, increase; with dat. to be joined to a thing.
accubitio -onis, f. the act of reclining at table.
accubitus -us, m. the act of reclining at table.
accubo -are, to lie or recline beside, esp. at table; 'apud hominem', to dine at a man's house.
accumbo -cumbere -cubui -cubitum, to lie down or recline, esp. at table.
accumulator -oris, m. one who heaps together.
accumulo -are, to heap up, accumulate; to heap things on a person, give in abundance; to ply, overwhelm a person with things; to increase. Adv. from partic. accumulate, abundantly, copiously.
accuratio -onis, f. accuracy, carefulness.
accuro -are, to take care of, prepare with care. Hence partic. accuratus -a -um, done with care, careful, exact, accurate. Adv. accurate.
accurro -currere -curri (-cucurrri) -cursum, to run to; of ideas, to occur.
accursus -us, m. running, concourse.
accusabilis -e, blameworthy.
accusatio -onis, f. an accusation, indictment.
accusator -oris, m. an accuser; hence an informer.
accusatorius -a -um, of or like an accuser; adv. accusatorie.
accusatrix -icis, f. a female accuser.
accuso -are, to accuse; in gen., to blame, find fault with.
acer (1) -eris, n. the maple tree or maple wood.
acer (2) -cris -cre, sharp, cutting, keen. Hence, to taste, biting; to touch, sharp; of sounds, shrill; of smells, penetrating; of sight, keen; of emotions, painful; of understanding, quick, vigorous, energetic. Adv. acriter, sharply, keenly.
acerbitas -atis, f. bitterness, harshness, painfulness; in plur., calamities.
acerbo -are, to make bitter, to aggravate.
acerbus -a -um, bitter. Hence, of sounds, harsh; of looks, dark, gloomy; of speech or writing, bitter; of events, etc., painful, severe; of persons, morose; from the notion of unripeness, premature. Adv. acerbe, bitterly, harshly.
acernus -a -um, made of maple wood.
acerra -ae, f. a casket for incense.
acervatim, by acclamation. 'dicere', to sum up.
acervo -are, to heap up.
acervus -i, m. a heap, mass; in logic, argument by accumulation.
acesco acescere acui, to grow sour.
acetum -i, n. vinegar.
Achaia -ae, f., the Greek country of Achaia, in the Peloponnese, or in gen. Greece; after 146 B.C., the Roman province of Achaea. Hence adj. and subst. Achaeus and Achivus, Achaean, an Achaean.
Achates -ae, m. friend of Aeneas.
Acheron -ontis, m. ( older form Acheruns -untis ) mythol. river in the lower world; the lower world itself.
Achilles -is and Achilleus -ei, m. a Greek hero, son of Peleus and Thetis. Adj. Achilleus -a -um.
Achivus -a -um, see Achaia.
acidus -a -um, sharp, sour.
acies -ei, f. keenness, edge; of the mind, penetration, insight; of the eye, a piercing look or keen vision; sometimes the pupil of the eye, or the eye itself. Milit., battle line; hence battle, battlefield.
acinaces -is, m. a Persian sabre.
acinus -i, m. and acinum -i, n. a berry; the seed of a berry.
acipenser -eris, also acipensis -is, m. the sturgeon.
aclys -ydis, f. a small javelin.
aconitum -i, n. monk's hood, aconite; strong poison.
acq-, = adq-; q.v.
acratophorum -i, n. a vessel for unmixed wine.
acredula -ae, f. a bird, perhaps thrush, owl, or nightingale.
acriculus -a -um, somewhat sharp in temper.
acrimonia -ae, f. sharpness, keenness.
acriter, adv. from acer; q.v.
acroama -atis, n. an entertainment, esp. musical; an entertainer, i.e. reader, actor, or singer.
acroasis -is, f. reading aloud, recitation.
Acroceraunia -orum, n. pl. part of the Ceraunian mountains; hence any dangerous place.
acta (1) -ae, f. seashore, beach; meton., life of the seaside.
acta (2) -orum, from partic. of ago; q.v.
Actaeon -onis, m. a hunter turned into a stag by Diana, and killed by his hounds.
actio -onis, f. action, doing; 'gratiarum', the giving of thanks. Esp. the action of a magistrate, a proposal; in the theater, a plot; at law, an action or the bringing of it or right to bring it; also a legal formula or speech on an indictment.
actito -are, to be busy, in law-court or theater.
Actium -i, n. a promontory in Acarnania, near which Augustus conquered Antony and Cleopatra (31 B.C.). Adj. Actiacus and Actius -a -um.
actor -oris, m. (1) a driver. (2) a doer; esp. a dramatic actor, player; a public speaker; the plaintiff in an action; a manager of property.
actuariolum -i, n. a small skiff.
actuarius -a -um, swift; 'actuaria (navis)', a fast-sailing vessel.
actuosus -a -um, active; adv. actuose.
actus -us, m. (1) driving, movement, esp. of cattle; hence right of way for driving cattle, etc.. (2) doing, action, esp. on stage; hence the presentation of a piece on the stage; also a division of a piece, an act.
actutum, adv. immediately, directly.
aculeatus -a -um, provided with prickles or stings; hence pointed, stinging; hair-splitting, subtle.
aculeus -i, m. sting, point; fig., esp. in plur., painful thoughts, cutting remarks.
acumen -inis, n. sharp point; hence the point of remarks, etc.; sharpness of intellect; cunning, trickery.
acuo -uere -ui -utum, to sharpen, whet; to quicken, make expert; to inflame, encourage, incite. Hence partic. acutus -a -um, sharpened, pointed, acute; to the hearing, shrill; to touch, piercing; of events etc., sharp, painful; of minds, sharp, keen, intelligent; of orators, effective. Adv. acute, keenly, sharply.
acus -us, f. a needle; 'acu pingere', to embroider; 'acu rem tangere', to hit the nail on the head.
acutulus -a -um, rather subtle.
acutus, see acuo.
ad, prep. with acc. (1) of motion, towards, to a person or place; 'ad Dianae (sc. aedem)', to Diana'a temple; 'ad me', to my house; often strengthened by usque. (2) of rest, at or near. (3) of time: either to, until or at, about. (4) of other relations: towards, for a purpose; concerning, bearing on; compared with, in addition to; in conformity with; approximating to, about; in consequence of an event; as far as, up to a certain degree ; 'ad summam', on the whole; 'ad verbum', literally.
adactio -onis, f. driving, compulsion.
adactus -us, m. bringing to, application.
adaeque, in like manner.
adaequo -are: transit., to make equal; hence, to compare; intransit., to match, come near to.
adamanteus -a -um, hard as steel.
adamantinus -a -um, made of steel.
adamas -antis, m. the hardest steel, adamant; poet., anything firm, unyielding, durable.
adambulo -are, to walk by or near.
adamo -are, to fall in love with, find pleasure in.
adaperio -aperire -aperui -apertum, to open fully.
adauctus -us, m. increase.
adaugeo -ere -auxi -auctum, to increase, augment.
adaugesco -ere, to begin to increase.
adbibo -bibere -bibi -bibitum, to drink in.
addenseo -ere, to make thick or compact.
addenso -are, to make thick or compact.
addico -dicere -dixi -dictum, to assent to; in augury, to promise well ; of a judge, (especially the praetor), to award; of an auctioneer, to knock down a lot; of an owner, to put up for sale. Hence in gen., to give up or over, doom, dedicate, surrender; partic. addictus, bound, pledged.
addictio -onis, f. a judge's word.
addisco -discere -didici, to learn in addition.
additamentum -i, n. an addition.
addo addere addidi additum, (1) to give, bring, place; of feelings, to inspire, cause. (2) to add, join; esp. in speech or writing; 'adde' or 'adde huc', or 'eo', add to this, take also into consideration.
addoceo -ere, to teach in addition.
addubito -are, to begin to doubt.
adduco -ducere -duxi -ductum, (1) to bring or lead to a person, place, or condition; of persons, to bring to a certain state of mind, to influence, induce. (2) to draw to oneself, pull in; hence to contract; partic. adductus -a -um, contracted, taut; of persons, strict. Compar. adv. adductius.
adedo -esse -edi -esum, to nibble, gnaw; to consume, waste away.
ademptio -onis, f. taking away.
adeo (1) -ire -ii -itum, to go or come to, approach, visit; 'in ius', to go to law; of business, etc., to undertake, undergo, incur; 'adire hereditatem', to enter on an inheritance.
adeo (2), adv. to that point, so far, often strengthened by usque; of space, so far; of time, so long; of degree, so much, so, to such an extent; sometimes, even, what is more; enclitically, with pron. or conjunction, just.
adeps -ipis, c. soft fat.
adeptio -onis, f. attainment, obtaining.
adequito -are, to ride to.
adesdum, or ades dum, come hither.
adfabilis -e, easy to speak to, affable.
adfabilitas -atis, f. affability.
adfabre, in a workmanlike way.
adfatim, sufficiently, enough.
adfatus -us, m. address, speech.
adfectatio -onis, f. striving, eagerness.
adfectator -oris, m. a striver.
adfectio -onis, f. manner of being affected; hence relation to a thing or person, or change, state, condition; sometimes favorable state of mind, goodwill.
adfecto -are, to strive after, grasp at, aim at, aspire to; polit. to try to win over; in literary style, to affect; partic. adfectatus -a -um, studied.
adfectus (1) -us, m. condition, disposition; esp. of the mind, a feeling; often friendly feeling, goodwill.
adfectus (2) -a -um, partic. from adficio; q.v.
adfero adferre attuli adlatum, to carry to, bring to; esp. of messages and news; absol., to bring news, report. Transf., to apply, bring to bear; 'vim' to offer violence; to cause, bring about; to bring forward by way of excuse or reason; to bring by way of help, contribute.
adficio -ficere -feci -fectum, to influence, work upon; with adverbs, to affect; with abl. of nouns, to treat with, present with; 'nominem sepultura', to bury; 'poena', to punish, 'beneficio adfici', to be benefitted; absol., of the body, to affect adversely, weaken. Hence partic. adfectus -a -um, affected, influenced; with abl. furnished with, treated with; absol., of the body, weakened, sick; of undertakings, worked upon, and so nearly finished.
adfigo -figere -fixi -fixum, to fasten to, affix; 'litteram ad caput', to brand; 'adfigi animis', to be imprinted.
adfingo -fingere -finxi -fictum, to form or invent in addition.
adfinis -e, neighboring; hence connected with, privy to; also related by marriage; as subst., a relative.
adfinitas -atis, f. relationship by marriage; meton., relations by marriage; in gen., union.
adfirmatio -onis, f. positive assertion.
adfirmo -are to strengthen; to support a statement, to prove; to assert as true. Adv. adfirmate, positively.
adflatus -us, m. blowing or breathing on, breath; 'maris', sea breeze. Transf. inspiration.
adfleo -flere -flevi -fletum, to weep at.
adflictatio -onis, f. pain, torture.
adflicto -are, to agitate, knock about, harass, distress.
adflictor -oris, m. a subverter.
adfligo -fligere -flixi -flictum, to dash, knock down, knock about; to weaken, discourage, injure; 'causam susceptam', to drop. Hence partic. adflictus -a -um, damaged, shattered; of spirits, broken down, desponding; of character, vile, contemptible.
adflo -are, to blow or breathe on.
adfluentia -ae, f. overflow, abundance.
adfluo -fluere -fluxi -fluxum, to flow to, flow near; of men, to stream, to flock together. Transf., to flow freely, to be abundant; with abl., to abound in. Hence partic. adfluens -entis, rich, abounding. Compar. adv. adfluentius.
adfor -ari, dep. to accost, address; esp. to say farewell to the dead, and to pray to the gods.
adfulgeo -fulgere -fulsi, to shine, glitter; to shine upon, favor, with dat.
adfundo -fundere -fudi -fusum, to pour upon; 'colonia amne adfusa', washed by a river; 'adfundere se', or 'adfundi', to prostrate oneself. Transf., to throw in, add.
adgemo -ere, to groan at, with dat.
adgero -gerere -gessi -gestum, to carry to, bring up.
adgestus -us, m. carrying to, accumulation.
adglomero -are, to wind on a ball; hence, to add.
adglutino -are, to glue to, fasten to.
adgravesco -ere, to grow worse (of sickness).
adgravo -are, to make heavier; hence, to make worse.
adgredior -gredi -gressus, dep. to go to, approach; with words, to address; of enemies, to attack; of business, etc., to begin, undertake, attempt.
adgrego -are, to add to the flock; so to attach, associate.
adgressio -onis, f. the introduction to a speech.
adhaereo -haerere -haesi -haesum, to hang to, stick to, adhere; of places, to border on, be near; fig., to depend on, cling to.
adhaeresco -haerescere -haesi -haesum, to hang to, adhere. Transf., to cling to, hang on, attach oneself; in speaking, to stick fast, stop.
adhaesio -onis, f. adhering, clinging.
adhaesus -us, m. adhering, clinging.
adhibeo -ere -ui -itum, to bring up to, apply, bring to bear; of persons, to invite, call in, employ for a purpose; with adv., to treat.
adhinnio -ire, to neigh after, neigh at.
adhortatio -onis, f. exhortation.
adhortator -oris, m. one who exhorts.
adhortor -ari, dep. to exhort, encourage (esp. of soldiers).
adhuc, of time, hitherto, till now, till then; still, even now; in gen., besides, also; with comparatives, even, still.
adiaceo -ere, to lie by the side of, be adjacent. N. pl. of partic. as subst. adiacentia, the neighborhood.
adicio -icere -ieci -iectum, to throw to;hence to cast, direct, apply; also to add; at an auction, to outbid.
adiectio -onis, f. addition, advance.
adiectus -us, m. addition.
adigo -igere -egi -actum, to drive, force, compel; 'hominem ad iusiurandum' or 'iureiurando', to put a man on his oath.
adimo -imere -emi -emptum, to take away. Hence partic. ademptus -a -um, poet., dead.
adipatus -a -um, fatty, greasy; n. pl. as subst., pastry. Transf., of style, bombastic.
adipiscor -ipisci -eptus, dep. to come up to, overtake; hence to obtain. Perf. partic. adeptus, used passively, = obtained.
aditio -onis, f. approach.
aditus -us, m. approach, access; hence also right or possibility of entrance; 'homo rari aditus', difficult of access; concr., an entrance to a place, approach. Transf., opportunity of obtaining.
adiudico -are, to award as a judge, assign, grant.
adiumentum -i, n. help, assistance.
adiunctio -onis, f. joining, addition, union; rhet. a limitation or repetition.
adiunctor -oris, m. one who joins.
adiungo -iungere -iunxi -iunctum, to join to, connect; 'adiunctus fundus', neighboring; of immaterial things, to associate, impart; of persons, to attach, esp. as partner, friend, etc. Hence partic. adiunctus -a -um, bound to, belonging to; n. pl. as subst. collateral circumstances.
adiuro -are, to swear in addition; to swear to a thing, promise on oath.
adiutor -oris, m. a helper, assistant, deputy.
adiutrix -icis, f., of females and f. nouns, an assistant, aid; used of reserved legions under the empire.
adiuvo -iuvare -iuvi -iutum, to help, assist, support.
adlabor -labi -lapsus, dep. to glide to, flow to, with dat. or acc.
adlaboro -are, to labor at; also to add to by labor.
adlacrimo -are, to weep at.
adlapsus -us, m. a gliding approach.
adlatro -are, to bark at, rail at.
adlaudabilis -e, praiseworthy.
adlecto -are, to entice.
adlegatio -onis, f. the sending of a person on a mission.
adlego (1) -are, to send on private business, to commission; 'adlegati', deputies. Transf., to instigate, suborn; to adduce or allege in excuse.
adlego (2) -legere -legi -lectum, to choose, elect.
adlevamentum -i, n. a means of alleviation.
adlevatio -onis, f. a lifting up; hence alleviation.
adlevo -are, to lift up, erect; hence to lighten, alleviate; pass., adlevari, to be cheered.
adlicio -licere -lexi -lectum, to allure, entice.
adlido -lidere -lisi -lisum, to strike against,dash against; pass. adlidi, to suffer damage.
adligo -are, to tie to, bind to; of wounds, to bind up. Transf., in gen., to fetter, bind, confine; esp. to bind by friendship, obligations, promises, etc.; pass., to become an accomplice in, make oneself responsible for; perf. partic. adligatus, implicated, involved.
adlino -linere -levi -litum, to smear on, bedaub.
adlocutio -onis, f. an address; esp. a word of comfort.
adloquium -i, n. exhortation, encouragement, consolation.
adloquor -loqui -locutus, dep. to address; esp. to encourage, appeal to.
adluceo -lucere -luxi, to shine at, or upon.
adludo -ludere -lusi -lusum, to jest at, sport with; of waves, to play or dash upon.
adluo -luere -lui, to wash, of the sea.
adluvies -ei, f. a pool caused by flooding.
adluvio -onis, f. alluvial land.
admaturo -are, to hasten.
admetior -metiri -mensus, dep. to measure out to.
Admetus -i, m. husband of Alcestis.
adminiculor -ari, dep. to support, prop.
adminiculum -i, n. prop, support; in gen., aid, help.
administer -stri, m. attendant, assistant.
administra -ae, f. a (female) helper.
administratio -onis, f. the giving of help; direction, government.
administrator -oris, m. administrator, manager.
administro -are, to help, assist; to manage, direct, administer: 'navem', to steer.
admirabilis -e, admirable; astonishing, strange. Adv., admirabiliter.
admirabilitas -atis, f. admirableness; admiration.
admiratio -onis, f. admiration; plur. outbursts of admiration; wonder, astonishment.
admiror -ari, dep. to admire; to be astonished, to wonder. Hence gerundive admirandus -a -um, admirable.
admisceo -miscere -miscui -mixtum, to mix with, to join; 'admisceri novis sermonibus', to become familiar with.
admissarius -i, m. stallion.
admissio -onis, f. audience, esp. with kings, etc.
admitto -mittere -misi -missum, to send to, admit; esp. of horses, to let go, put to a gallop. Transf., to allow; to admit a crime to one's record, so to commit; hence n. of partic. as subst. admissum -i, a crime.
admixtio -onis, f. an admixture.
admoderate, appropriately.
admodum, up to the measure, up to the mark; hence, completely. With adjectives and other parts of speech, wholly, quite; 'puer admodum', a mere boy; with numbers, just about; in affirmative answers, certainly.
admoneo -ere -ui -itum, to admonish, remind, of a fact or duty. N. of partic. as subst. admonitum -i, an admonition.
admonitio -onis, f. a reminding; esp. a friendly admonition.
admonitor -oris, m. one who reminds.
admonitu, abl. sing. m. by reminding, by warning.
admordeo -mordere -morsum, to bite at, gnaw; fig. to fleece.
admotio -onis, f. moving to, application.
admoveo -movere -movi -motum, to move to, bring up, apply; 'manum operi', to engage in a work; 'manus nocentibus' to lay hands on the guilty; milit. to bring up war machines or soldiers.
admugio -ire, to bellow after.
admurmuratio -onis, f. murmuring.
admurmuro -are, to murmur at.
adnato -are, to swim to or beside.
adnecto -nectere -nexui -nexum, to bind to, connect with.
adnexus -us, m. binding, connection.
adnitor -niti -nisus or -nixus, dep. to press against; lean upon. Transf., to strive after.
adno -are, to swim to, or near, or beside.
adnoto -are, to note, remark on.
adnumero -are, to count out, pay; to reckon in with, with acc. and dat.
adnuo -nuere -nui -nutum, to nod to; indicate by nodding; to nod assent to; in gen., to agree; also to agree to give or do a thing.
adoleo (1) -ere -ui, to worship, offer sacrifice, burn a sacrifice; to sacrifice on an altar; in gen., to burn.
adoleo (2) -ere, to smell.
adolescens, = adulescens; q.v.
adolesco -olescere -olevi, (1) to grow up, come to maturity. (2) to be heaped up, or perhaps to burn (cf. adoleo). Hence partic. adultus -a -um, grown up, adult, mature.
Adonis -is or -idis, a beautiful young man, beloved of Venus.
adoperio -operire -operui -opertum, to cover or close.
adopinor -ari, dep. to guess.
adoptatio -onis, f. adopting.
adoptio -onis, f. the adoption of a child.
adoptivus -a -um, adopted, connected with adoption; of plants, grafted.
adopto -are, to choose for oneself; esp. to adopt, as child or grandchild; of plants, to graft.
ador -oris, n. a species of grain, spelt.
adoratio -onis, f. praying to, adoration.
adoreus -a -um, of spelt; f. as subst. a reward for valor (originally a gift of corn ).
adorior -oriri -ortus, dep. to rise up at; hence to attack, set about, attempt, undertake.
adorno -are, to prepare, furnish, provide; to adorn.
adoro -are, to speak to; esp. to address a deity, in worship or entreaty; sometimes to ask a deity for a thing.
adp-, see under app-.
adquiesco -quiescere -quievi -quietum, to rest, repose, be undisturbed, find comfort.
adquiro -quirere -quisivi -quisitum, to acquire, get, esp. in addition to previous possessions.
adrado -radere -rasi -rasum to scrape, shave.
adrectus -a -um, partic. from adrigo; q.v.
adrepo -repere -repsi -reptum, to creep up, glide gently to.
Adria, see Hadria.
adrideo -ridere -risi -risum, to laugh to, to smile upon. Transf., to be favorable to; to please.
adrigo -rigere -rexi -rectum, to erect, lift up; hence to excite, arouse.
adripio -ripere -ripui -reptum, to seize, snatch, appropriate; poet., 'terram velis', to sail quickly to; mentally, to grasp, comprehend quickly; legal, to arrest, bring to court, accuse; hence perhaps to satirize.
adrisor -oris, m. a flatterer.
adrodo -rodere -rosi -rosum, to gnaw at.
adrogans, partic. from adrogo; q.v.
adrogantia -ae, f. assumption; hence pride, haughtiness.
adrogo -are, polit., to associate in office; in gen., either to take to oneself ('sibi'), to claim, assume; or to adjudge, grant to another (dat.); Hence partic. adrogans -antis, assuming, arrogant, haughty; adv. adroganter.
adsc-, see under asc-.
adsectatio -onis, f. respectful attendance.
adsectator -oris, m. a companion, follower.
adsector -ari, dep. to follow, attend respectfully.
adsecula (adsecia) -ae, m. follower, servant, sycophant.
adsensio -onis, f. assent, agreement, applause; philosoph. belief in the reality of sensible appearance.
adsensor -oris, m. one who assents or agrees.
adsensus -us, m. assent, agreement; philosoph. belief in the reality of sensible appearances; poet., echo.
adsentatio -onis, f. flattering assent or applause, flattery.
adsentatiuncula -ae, f. trivial flattery.
adsentator -oris, m. a flatterer.
adsentatorie, flatteringly.
adsentio -sentire -sensi -sensum and adsentior -sentiri -sensus, dep. to assent to, agree with.
adsentor -ari, dep. to assent constantly; hence to flatter.
adsequor -sequi -secutus, dep. to follow after; to reach by following, to come up to, attain; mentally, to grasp.
adsero (1) -serere -sevi -situm, to plant at or near.
adsero (2) -serere -serui -sertum, to lay hold of a slave, and thereby either claim him or declare him free; in gen. to set free, protect, or to claim.
adsertor -oris, m. one who asserts the freedom of another person or claims him as his own.
adservio -ire, to assist, help.
adservo -are, to preserve, watch.
adsessio -onis, f. a sitting by the side of one (to console).
adsessor -oris, m. one who sits by, or assists.
adseveratio -onis, f. earnestness, vehemence;esp. vehement assertion, asseveration.
adsevero -are, to be earnest; esp. to assert confidently or strongly. Adv. from partic. adseveranter, earnestly.
adsideo -sidere -sedi -sessum, to sit near, sit beside, esp. beside a person, to give comfort, advice, etc.; usually with dat. Hence to devote oneself to; to approximate to; milit., to besiege, blockade.
adsido -sidere -sedi -sessum, to sit down.
adsiduitas -atis, f. continual presence, regular attention. Hence con- stancy; constant repetition; 'epistularum', regular correspondence.
adsiduus (1) -a -um, continuously in one place, or one occupation, in gen. constant, persistent. Adv. adsidue and adsiduo, continuously, without remission.
adsiduus (2) -i, m. a taxpaying citizen.
adsignatio -onis, f. assignment, allotment.
adsigno -are, (1) to assign, allot; hence to impute, ascribe. (2) to seal; hence to impress upon.
adsilio -silire -silui, to leap to or on.
adsimilis -e, like, similar.
adsimulo -are, to make like; to compare. Hence partic. adsimulatus -a -um, similar, pretended, simulated.
adsisto adsistere adstiti or astiti, to place oneself at, to stand by; at law, to defend.
adsoleo -ere, to be accustomed; 'ut adsolet', as is usual.
adsono -are, to answer with a sound.
adsp-, see under asp-.
adsterno -ere, to strew or spread upon.
adstipulator -oris, m. a supporter.
adstipulor -ari, dep. to agree with.
adsto -stare -stiti, to stand up, stand by, esp. to stand by to help, to assist.
adstrepo -ere, to make a noise at; esp. to applaud.
adstringo -stringere -strinxi -strictum, to tighten, draw together, contract, make fast; in writing or speech, to compress; of persons, to bind, oblige; with reflex., 'se adstringere', to commit oneself to, become guilty of. Hence partic. adstrictus -a -um, tight, compressed, drawn together; close-fisted, avaricious; of oratory, concise; adv. adstricte.
adstruo -struere -struxi -structum, to build to or near;hence to add to.
adstupeo -ere, to be astonished at, with dat.
adsuefacio -facere -feci -factum, to accustom a person to a thing.
adsuesco -suescere -suevi -suetum, intransit., to grow accustomed: 'adsuevi' I am accustomed; transit., to accustom; poet., of things, to make familiar. Hence partic. adsuetus -a -um customary, usual; accustomed to.
adsuetudo -inis, f. custom, use.
adsuetus -a -um, partic. from adsuesco; q.v.
adsulto -are, to leap violently upon; to attack, assault.
adsultus -us, m. leaping up, assault.
adsum adesse adfui, to be present, to be at or near; esp. to be present and ready, to stand by; hence to support, be favorable to; sometimes to be present for a special purpose, esp. political or legal; of the mind, 'adesse animo' or 'animis', to attend; of things, to be near, at hand.
adsumo -sumere -sumpsi -sumptum, to take to oneself, or take in addition a person or thing; hence to claim, appropriate, call in; in logic, to state the minor premises of a syllogism.
adsumptio -onis, f. choice, adoption; in logic, the minor premise of a syllogism.
adsumptivus -a -um, deriving its defense from an extraneous cause.
adsuo -ere, to sew on.
adsurgo -surgere -surrexi -surrectum, to rise up, stand up; with dat., to rise in the presence of a person, as a sign of respect; of feelings, to rise, be aroused; of style, to become elevated; of material things, to rise up.
adt-, see under att-.
adulatio -onis, f. fawning, cringing, flattery.
adulator -oris, m. flatterer.
adulescens (adolescens) -entis, as adj., young, growing; as subst., a young man or young woman.
adulescentia -ae, f. youth.
adulescentulus -i, m. a young man.
adulo -are, to fawn upon.
adulor -ari, dep. to fawn; with acc. or dat., to flatter, cringe before.
adulter (1) -eri, m., adultera -ae, f. an adulterer, adulteress.
adulter (2) -era -erum, adj. adulterous.
adulterinus -a -um, adulterous; not genuine, forged.
adulterium -i, n. adultery.
adultero -are, to commit adultery, to defile. Transf. to falsify, defile, corrupt.
adultus -a -um, partic. from adolesco; q.v.
adumbratim, in outline.
adumbratio -onis, f. a sketch.
adumbro -are, to shade in, sketch,esp. in words. Partic. adumbratus -a -um, sketched; hence imperfect, shadowy, unreal.
aduncitas -atis, f. a bending, curvature.
aduncus -a -um, bent in, crooked.
adurgeo -ere, to press against; poet., to pursue closely.
aduro -urere -ussi -ustum, to set fire to, kindle, singe; of frost or wind, to nip. Hence partic. adustus -a -um, burnt: 'hominum color', sunburnt.
adusque: prep. with acc., as far as; adv. thoroughly, entirely.
advecticius -a -um, brought from a distance, foreign.
advecto -are, to convey often.
advectus -us, m. conveying, carrying.
adveho -vehere -vexi -vectum, to carry, bring, convey to a place; pass., to ride up, sail to, etc..
advelo -are, to veil.
advena -ae, c. a stranger, foreigner.
advenio -venire -veni -ventum, to come to, arrive. Transf., of time, to come; of events, to happen, come near, break out; of property, to come to an owner.
adventicius -a -um, coming from without;esp. coming from abroad, foreign.
advento -are, to approach, come near.
adventor -oris, m. a visitor, guest.
adventus -us, m. an arrival.
adversarius -a -um, (1) turned towards; n. pl. as subst. a day-book, journal, memorandum. (2) turned against, opposed, contrary; as subst., m. and f. an antagonist, rival; n. pl. the assertions of an oppo- nent.
adversor -ari, dep. to oppose, resist.
adversus (1) -a -um, partic. from adverto; q.v.
adversus (2), adversum. Adv.against, opposite; 'adversum ire' or 'venire', go to meet. Prep. with acc.: of place, towards, opposite; of action, etc., against, in answer to; of behavior, towards; of comparison, compared with.
adverto (advorto) -vertere -verti -versum, to turn towards; of the senses, etc. to direct towards an object; esp. of the mind, 'animum' or 'mentem advertere', to direct one's attention to, to perceive, and of offences, to punish; of the object of attention, to attract. Hence partic. adversus -a -um, turned towards, fronting, opposite; 'solem adversum intueri', to look straight at the sun; 'adverso flumine', against the stream; 'venti adversi', contrary winds; hence, in gen., of persons and things, opposed, unfavorable; 'adversa valetudo', ill health; 'proelium', unsuccessful; n. as subst., misfortune.
advesperascit -avit, evening approaches.
advigilo -are, to watch by, guard, be vigilant.
advocatio -onis, f. a calling to one's aid; hence legal assistance; concr., the bar.
advoco -are, to summon, call; esp. to call to one's aid: as legal t.t. to call in as adviser, to consult an advocate. M. of partic. as subst., advocatus -i, m. one called in to help, esp. in court as witness or advocate.
advolo -are, to fly to; hence to hasten or rush to.
advolvo -volvere -volvi -volutum, to roll to; of suppliants, 'advolvi', or 'se advolvere', to throw oneself down before a person.
advors-, = advers-;q.v.
advort-, = advert-;q.v.
adytum -i, n. shrine; poet., 'ex adyto cordis', from the bottom of the heart.
Aeacus -i, m. king of Aegina, grandfather of Achilles; after death a judge in the infernal regions. Hence subst. Aeacides -ae, m. a male descendent of Aeacus.
aedes (aedis) -is, f. a building; in sing., usually a temple; plur., rooms, or a house; of bees, cells.
aedicula -ae, f. a small building, esp. a small temple or shrine; in plur., a little house.
aedificatio -onis, f.: abstr., the act of building; concr., a building, structure.
aedificator -oris, m. a builder, architect.
aedificium -i, n. a building.
aedifico -are, to build, erect, establish; to create, frame.
aedilicius -a -um, relating to the aediles; m. as subst. an ex-aedile.
aedilis -is, m. an aedile, a public officer at Rome, in charge of streets, markets and public games.
aedilitas -atis, f. aedileship.
aedituens -entis, m. keeper of a temple, sacristan.
aeditumus -i, m. keeper of a temple, sacristan.
aedituus -i, m. keeper of a temple, sacristan.
Aeeta and Aeetes -ae, m., king of Colchis, father of Medea. Hence f. subst. Aeetias -adis, and Aeetine -es, = Medea.
Aegaeus -a -um, Aegean; n. as subst. Aegaeum -i, the Aegean Sea.
Aegates -um, f. pl. three islands off the west coast of Sicily.
aeger -gra -grum, sick, ill, physically or mentally; 'aeger consilii', infirm of purpose; 'aegris oculis', with envious eyes; politically, unsound, mutinous. M. as subst. an invalid. Adv. aegre, with pain, regret or difficulty; hence hardly, scarcely(cf. vix).
Aegeus -ei, m. king of Athens, father of Theseus.
Aegina -ae, f. an island near Athens.
aegis -idis, f. an aegis, or shield, esp. that of Jupiter or Minerva. Transf., a protection, bulwark.
Aegisthus -i, m. murderer of Agamemnon, afterwards husband of Clytemnestra.
aegre, adv. from aeger; q.v.
aegreo -ere, to be sick.
aegresco -ere, to fall ill; mentally, to become troubled; of bad things, to become worse.
aegrimonia -ae, f. grief, trouble of mind.
aegritudo -inis, f. sickness, esp. of the mind.
aegrotatio -onis, f. sickness, of body or mind.
aegroto -are, to be sick or ill, in body or mind.
aegrotus -a -um, sick, ill, in body or mind.
Aegyptus -i, (1) m., a king of Egypt, brother of Danaus. (2) f. Egypt; adj. Aegyptius and Aegyptiacus -a -um, Egyptian.
aelinos -i, m. a dirge.
Aemilius -a -um, name of an old patrician family at Rome. Hence adj. Aemilianus -a -um, relating to the 'gens Aemiliana'; a surname of Scipio Africanus minor.
Aemonia, = Haemonia; q.v.
aemulatio -onis, f. a striving after, emulation; in bad sense, jealousy, rivalry.
aemulator -oris, m. a rival, imitator.
aemulor -ari, dep. to rival, emulate; with dat. to envy.
aemulus -a -um, emulous, rivalling; in bad sense, jealous. M. or f. as subst., a rival, esp. in love.
Aemus, see Haemus.
Aeneas -ae, m. son of Venus and Anchises, hero of Vergil's Aeneid. Hence subst. Aeneades -ae, m. a male descendant of Aeneas; Aeneis -idos, f. Vergil's Aeneid.
aeneus and aheneus -a -um, made of copper or bronze; hard as bronze, brazen.
aenigma -atis, n. a riddle, mystery.
aenipes -pedis, brazen-footed.
aenus (ahenus) -a -um, made of copper or bronze; poet., hard as bronze. N. as subst., a brazen vessel.
Aeoles -um, m. the Aeolians, Greeks living in Greece and Asia Minor. Hence adj. Aeolicus and Aeolius -a -um, Aeolic.
Aeolia -ae, f. north part of the coast of Asia Minor.
Aeolus -i, m. ruler of the Aeolian islands and of the winds.
aequabilis -e, like, similar, equal. Transf., equal to itself, uniform, consistent, fair, impartial. Hence adv. aequabiliter, equably, uniformly, fairly.
aequabilitas -atis, f. uniformity, equability; hence evenness in style, impartiality in law.
aequaevus -a -um, of equal age.
aequalis -e, even; of places, level. Transf., equal; esp. of time, of the same age, contemporary, coexistent. M. or f. as subst., a comrade, person of the same age. Adv. aequaliter, evenly, equally.
aequalitas, -atis, f. evenness; of places, smoothness. Transf., equality, esp. equality of age.
aequanimitas -atis, f. impartiality.
aequatio -onis, f. making equal; 'bonorum' communism.
Aequi -orum, m. a people of central Italy.
aequilibritas -atis, f. equal distribution of natural forces.
aequinoctialis -e, equinoctial.
aequinoctium -i, n. the equinox.
aequiparo (aequipero) -are, to compare, equal.
aequitas -atis, f. uniformity, evenness. Transf., equanimity; also impartiality, fairness, justice.
aequo -are, (1) to make level or equal. (2) to compare. (3) to equal, come up to.
aequor -oris, n. a flat level surface; esp. a plain or the sea; rarely a river.
aequoreus -a -um, belonging to the sea.
aequus -a -um, equal. (1) equal in itself, even, level; 'ex aequo loco loqui', to speak in the senate; milit., 'aequa frons', a straight line. (2) equal to something else: 'ex aequo, in aequo', on even terms. Transf., of places or times, favorable, advantageous; of battles, even, and so indecisive; of temper, even, contented, easy; 'aequo animo', patiently, with resignation; of behavior, etc., equal, impartial; of persons, fair; 'aequum est', it is just. N. as subst. aequum -i, level ground; fairness, equity. Adv. aeque, in like manner, equally; fairly, justly.
aer aeris, m. the lower air, the atmosphere.
aerarius -a -um, of or belonging to bronze or copper; hence belonging to (copper) money; 'tribuni', paymasters. M. as subst. a copper- smith; in plur., 'aerarii', the citizens of the lowest class in Rome. M. as subst. a treasury, esp. the public treasury at Rome.
aeratus -a -um, made of or fitted with copper or bronze; hence provided with money, rich.
aereus -a -um, made of or fitted with copper or bronze.
aerifer -fera -ferum, bearing brazen cymbals.
aeripes -pedis, brazen-footed.
aerius -a -um, belonging to the air, airy; hence high in the air, lofty.
aerugo -inis, f. the rust of copper, verdigris; rusty money. Transf., envy or avarice.
aerumna -ae, f. labor, toil, hardship.
aerumnosus -a -um, adj., full of hardship.
aes aeris, n. copper ore, and the alloy of copper, bronze. Transf., anything made of bronze; a vessel, statue, trumpet, kettle; 'aera aere repulsa', cymbals; 'aes publicum', public inscriptions. Esp. copper or bronze money; 'aes grave', the as; 'aes signatum', coined money; also money generally, pay; 'aes alienum', debt.
Aeschylus -i, m. an Athenian tragic poet.
Aesculapius -i, m. the god of medicine. Hence subst. Aesculapium -i, n. a temple of Aesculapius.
aesculetum -i, n. an oak forest.
aesculeus -a -um, relating to the oak.
aesculus -i, f. the winter or Italian oak.
Aeson -onis, m. a Thessalian prince, father of Jason. Hence subst. Aesonides -ae, m. a male descendant of Aeson, = Jason; adj. Aesonius -a -um.
Aesopus -i, m. a Greek fabulist of Phrygia.
aestas -atis, f. summer; hence summer weather, summer heat.
aestifer -fera -ferum, heat-bringing.
aestimabilis -e, valuable.
aestimatio -onis, f. an appraising in terms of money; 'litis', assessment of damages. Transf., in gen., valuation, worth, value.
aestimator -oris, m. one who estimates, an appraiser.
aestimo (aestumo) -are, to appraise, rate, estimate the value of; 'litem', to assess the damages in a law-suit; in a wider sense, to value a thing or person; hence, in gen., to judge.
aestivus -a -um, relating to summer. N. pl. as subst. aestiva -orum, a summer camp, and hence, a campaign; summer pastures for cattle.
aestuarium -i, n. low ground covered by the sea at high water; a firth, creek.
aestuo -are, to be agitated or hot; of liquids, to boil, seethe; fig. of emotional excitement, to burn; of perplexity, to waver.
aestuosus -a -um, hot, agitated; adv. aestuose.
aestus -us, m. agitation, heat; of liquids, esp. of the sea, seething, raging; also of the sea's tide and spray; fig., of persons, dizziness; also emotional excitement, heat, fury; perplexity, anxiety.
aetas -atis, f. age: of human life, either a lifetime or time of life, age; 'id aetatis', of that age; 'bona (iniens) aetas, flos aetatis', youth. 'aetas ingravescens' or 'provecta', old age. Meton., the persons of a particular age: 'aetas puerilis', boys. In gen., time, age, a period of time, epoch.
aetatula -ae, f. youth.
aeternitas -atis, f. eternity, immortality.
aeterno -are, to make eternal, immortal.
aeternus -a -um, eternal, everlasting; 'aeternum' or 'in aeternum', for ever.
aether -eris, acc. -era, m. the upper air; poet., heaven, or the upper world.
aetherius -a -um, of the air or upper air; 'aqua', rain; poet., heavenly, or belonging to the upper world.
Aethiopia -ae, f. Ethiopia; adj. Aethiopicus -a -um and Aethiops -opis, Ethiopian, Negro.
aethra -ae, f. the upper air, clear sky.
Aetna -ae and Aetne -es, f. Etna, a volcano in Sicily; adj. Aetnaeus -a -um.
Aetolia -ae, f. Aetolia, a country in the west of Greece; adj. Aetolus, Aetolicus, Aetolius -a -um.
aevitas -atis, f. = aetas; q.v.
aevum -i, n., also aevus -i, m., eternity. Transf., time, lifetime, or time of life; 'flos aevi', youth. in gen., a period of life.
Afer -fra -frum, adj. and subst., African, from Africa; esp. from Carthage. Hence subst. Africa -ae, f. the continent of Africa; esp. either the country around Carthage or the Roman province of Africa. Adj. Africanus -a -um, African, belonging to Africa; esp. as a surname, conferred upon two of the Scipios. Also adj. Africus -a -um; 'ventus Africus', or simply 'Africus', the S.W. wind (bringing rain and storms).
aff-, see under adf-.
Agamemnon -onis, m. leader of the Greek expedition to Troy.
Aganippe -es, f. a fountain in Boeotia, sacred to the Muses; adj. Aganippaeus -a -um, sacred to the Muses.
agaso -onis, m. a groom, lackey.
agellus -i, m. a little field.
agema -atis, n. a corps in the Macedonian army.
Agenor -oris, m. father of Cadmus and Europa; hence adj. Agenoreus -a -um, and subst. Agenorides -ae, m. a male descendant of Agenor.
ager agri, m. land, territory; as cultivated, a field; open country, (opp.towns); land, (opp. sea).
agg-, (except agger and aggero); see adg-.
agger -eris, m. heap, mound; milit., rampart; poet., any high place.
aggero -are, to form a mound, heap up, increase.
agilis -e, easily moved, light, nimble, active.
agilitas -atis, f. quickness, agility.
agitabilis -e, easily moved, light.
agitatio -onis, f. movement, agitation, activity; 'rerum magnarum', management.
agitator -oris, m. driver; esp. charioteer.
agito -are, to put in motion, drive about (cf. ago ); of animals, to drive or hunt; of water, to toss. Transf. (1) to vex, harry, trouble persons, etc. (2)to deal with, be engaged upon, argue, discuss, consider a subject; to maintain a state of affairs; to conduct a business; to keep a holiday; to spend time; so, absol., to live.
Aglaia -ae or Aglaie -es, f. one of the Graces.
agmen -inis, n. a driving movement or a mass in (orderly) movement, a stream, band, train; esp. milit., an army on the march.
agna -ae, f. a ewe lamb.
agnascor -nasci -natus, dep., of children, to be born after their father's will. M. of partic. as subst. agnatus -i, a relation descended from a common ancestor in the male line; a child born into a family where a regular heir already exists.
agnatio -onis, f. relationship reckoned through males only.
agnellus -i, m. a little lamb.
agninus -a -um, of a lamb; f. as subst., lamb's flesh.
agnitio -onis, f. recognition; in gen., knowledge.
agnomen -inis, n. surname.
agnosco -noscere -novi -nitum, to know again, recognize; to know by inference or report, understand,; to express knowledge, admit, acknowledge.
agnus -i, m. lamb.
ago agere egi actum, to set in motion, drive; of animals, to drive or hunt. 'se agere', to go; 'animam' to give up the ghost; 'radices', to strike root. Transf., to incite to action; to deal with, be engaged upon; to treat of a subject;'hoc agere', to attend to the matter at hand; pass., to be concerned, be at stake; 'actum est de', it is settled about, so it is all over with; 'bene agere cum homine', to treat a person well; 'grates, gratias', to express thanks; 'pacem', to keep the peace; of time, to spend; so absol., to spend time, live; on the stage, to act, play; 'primas partes',to play the leading part; legal and polit., to take a matter up publicly; 'agere (iure, or lege)', to go to law; 'agere causam', to plead a cause. Pres. partic. agens -entis, as adj. effective.
agon -onis, m. a contest in the public games.
agonalia -ium and -orum, n. a festival of Janus.
agrarius -a -um, relating to land; m. pl. as subst. the agrarian party, aiming at a general distribution of land.
agrestis -e, belonging to the field or country; wild, rustic; hence, countrified, boorish, clownish. M. as subst. agrestis -is, a countryman.
agricola -ae, m. farmer.
Agricola -ae, m. Gnaeus Julius, governor of Britain, and father-in-law of Tacitus.
agricult-, see under cult-.
Agrigentum -i, n.; also Acragas -antis, m.; a Doric town in S.W. Sicily.
agripeta -ae, m. a land-grabber, squatter.
Agrippa -ae, m. a Roman family name.
Agrippina -ae, f. the name of several Roman women, esp. Nero's mother. Hence Colonia Agrippinensis (now Cologne).
ah or a, interj. ah! oh!.
Ahala -ae, m. C. Servilius, master of the horse under the dictator Cincinnatus, 439 B.C..
ai, ah!, interjection of grief.
Aiax -acis, m. name of two Homeric heroes, sons of Telamon and Oileus.
aio, defective verb, to say yes, to affirm, assert, state; 'ain tu?', you don't say?. Hence pres. partic. aiens -entis, affirmative.
ala -ae, f. a wing; poet., the sails or oars of a ship; of a man, the armpit; milit., a wing, squadron.
alabaster -stri, m., with pl. alabastra, a perfume casket.
alacer -cris -cre, and alacris -e, quick, lively, animated.
alacritas -atis, f. quickness, eagerness, animation.
alapa -ae, f. a box on the ear, given by a master to his slave when freeing him.
alaris -e, belonging to the wings of an army; m. pl. as subst. allied troops.
alarius -a -um, belonging to the wings of an army; m. pl. as subst., allied troops.
alatus -a -um, winged.
alauda -ae, f. a lark; also the name of a legion formed by Caesar in Gaul; in pl. Alaudae -arum, the soldiers of this legion.
Alba -ae, f. Alba Longa, the oldest Latin town; hence adj. Albanus -a -um.
albatus -a -um, clothed in white.
albeo -ere, to be white.
albesco -ere, to become white.
albico -are, to be white.
albidus -a -um, whitish.
Albion -onis, f. old name of Great Britain.
Albis -is, m. the river Elbe.
albulus -a -um, whitish; f. as subst. Albula -ae (sc. aqua), old name of the Tiber.
album -i, n.; see albus.
albus -a -um, white, dead white; hence pale or bright; sometimes making bright; fig., fortunate. N. as subst. album -i, white color; a white writing-tablet, a list.
Alcaeus -i, m. a Greek lyric poet (about 600 A.D.).
alcedo -inis, f. the kingfisher. Hence n. pl. alcedonia -orum, the kingfisher's time, quietness, calm.
alces -is, f. the elk.
Alcestis -is, and Alceste -es, f. wife of Admetus, who saved her husband by dying for him.
Alceus -ei and -eos, m. grandfather of Hercules. Hence subst. Alcides -ae, m. a descendant of Alcaeus, esp. Hercules.
Alcibiades -is, m. an Athenian general, pupil of Socrates.
Alcinous -i, m. king of the Phaeacians, host of Odysseus.
Alcmena -ae, also Alcmene -es, f. mother of Hercules.
alcyon -onis, f. the kingfisher.
alea -ae, f. a game of dice, game of hazard; hence chance, risk, uncertainty.
aleator -oris, m. dicer, gambler.
aleatorius -a -um, of a gambler.
alec, = allec; q.v.
ales alitis, winged; hence swift; as subst., a bird, esp. a large bird or bird of omen; poet., an omen, sign.
alesco -ere, to grow up.
Alexander -dri, m. (1) Paris, son of Priam, king of Troy. (2) Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.), king of Macedonia. Hence Alexandria or -ea -ae, f. a city founded by Alexander, esp. Alexandria in Egypt; adj. Alexandrinus -a -um, of Alexandria.
alga -ae, f. sea-weed.
algeo algere alsi, to be cold; partic. algens -entis, cold.
algesco algescere alsi, to catch cold.
algidus -a -um, cold.
Algidus -i, m. a mountain in Latium; adj. Algidus -a -um, of Algidus.
algor -oris, m. cold.
algus -us, = algor; q.v.
alias, see under alius.
alibi, (1) elsewhere, at another place; 'alibi....alibi', here...there. (2) otherwise, in other respects.
alica -ae, f. spelt, or a drink prepared from spelt.
alicubi, anywhere, somewhere.
alicunde, from anywhere, from somewhere.
alienatio -onis, f. a transference, alienation; 'mentis', aberration of mind.
alienigena -ae, m. strange, foreign; as subst., a foreigner.
alieno -are, to make something another's, let go, transfer; to estrange one person from another; to put a thing out of one's mind, to forget; with 'mentem', etc., to cause a person to lose his reason; pass., 'alienari', to go out of one's mind.
alienus -a -um, belonging to another; 'aes', another's money, and so debt; in gen., strange, foreign, unrelated; esp. of persons, not at home, unfamiliar,or estranged, unfriendly;of things,unfavorable. M. as subst. alienus, a stranger; n. as subst. alienum, another person's property.
aliger -gera -gerum, winged.
alimentarius -a -um, relating to food.
alimentum -i, n. (1) food. (2) maintenance.
alimonium -i, n. nourishment.
alio, see under alius.
alioqui and alioquin, (1) otherwise, in other respects. (2) in general, in most respects. (3) else, in other conditions.
aliorsum and aliorsus, (1) in another direction, elsewhere. (2) in another manner.
alipes -pedis, having wings on the feet; hence swift; m. pl. as subst., horses.
alipta and aliptes -ae, m. the anointer in the wrestling school, or in the baths.
aliqua, see under aliquis.
aliquamdiu, see under aliquis.
aliquammultus, see under aliquis.
aliquando, at any time, once; sometimes, occasionally.
aliquantulus -a -um, little, small; n. as adv. a little.
aliquantus -a -um, of some size, moderate. N. as subst. aliquantum -i, a good deal; acc. aliquantum, and (with compar.) abl. aliquanto, somewhat, considerably.
aliquatenus, to certain degree.
aliqui aliquae or aliqua aliquod, adj. some.
aliquis aliquid, pron. someone, something; anyone, anything. N. aliquid often with partitive genit., a certain amount or number of; as adv., in any respect. Transf. somebody or something great or significant. Hence adv. aliquo, some whither, in some direction; adv. aliqua, by some road, in some way; adv. aliquamdiu, for some time ; adj. aliquammultus, considerable in number or quantity.
aliquot, indecl., some, several.
aliquotiens, several times.
alis, alid, old form of alius, aliud; q.v.
aliter, see under alius.
alium or allium -i, n. garlic.
aliunde, from some other direction; 'alii aliunde', from various directions.
alius -a -ud, adj. and pronoun, another, other, different. Distributively, one, another; 'alii...alii', some...others; 'alii alia censent', some think one thing, some another. In comparison, other than, followed by atque, quam, etc. Rarely, in plur., all other, the rest; in sing. = alter, one of two. Hence adv. alias. (1) at another time; 'alius alias', one person at one time, another at another.(2)otherwise. Adv. alio, to another place; 'alius alio', in various directions. Transf., to another person or object; for another end. Adv. aliter. (1) otherwise, in another way; 'alius aliter', in different ways. (2) else, in other conditions.
aliusmodi, of another kind.
all-, v. also under adl-.
allec or alec -ecis, n. fish-pickle.
Allecto or Alecto, one of the three Furies.
Allia (Alia) -ae, f. river in Latium; adj. Alliensis -e.
Allobrox -ogis, and pl. Allobroges -um, m. the Allobroges, a Gallic people.
almus -a -um, nourishing, kind.
alnus -i, f. the alder; meton., a ship of alder wood.
alo alere alui altum (or alitum), to nourish, support, rear, feed; hence in gen., to strengthen, increase, promote, advance. Hence partic. altus -a -um, grown, great. As seen from below, high, hence, of the voice, shrill; of character, dignity, rank, lofty, noble. As seen from above, deep; of thoughts,secret, deep-seated; of time, reaching far back, ancient. N. as subst. altum -i, either height or depth. Adv. alte. highly, deeply.
aloe -es, f. the aloe; bitterness.
Alpes -ium, f. the Alps; adj. Alpinus and Alpicus -a -um, Alpine.
Alpheus or Alpheos -i, m. the chief river of the Peloponnese.
alsius -a -um, frosty, cold.
altaria -ium, n. pl. an erection upon an altar; hence high altars, or a high altar.
alter -tera -terum, one of two, the one, the other; as a numeralsecond, 'unus et alter', one or two; in pl., a second set. Hence of quality, second, next best; of similarity, another, a second; 'alter idem', a second self; of difference, other, changed.
altercatio -onis, f. dispute, wrangling; legal, cross-examination.
altercor -ari, dep. to dispute, contend, quarrel; legal, to cross- examine, cross-question.
alterno -are, to do first one thing, then another: transit., to interchange; intransit., to alternate, waver.
alternus -a -um, one after the other, by turns, alternate, interchanging; 'sermones', dialogue; of meter, elegiac (with hexameter and pentameter alternating).
alteruter -utra -utrum, one of two.
altilis -e, fattened, fed; f. as subst. (sc. avis), a fowl.
altisonus -a -um, sounding from on high; high-sounding, sublime.
altitudo -inis, f. (1) height; hence sublimity. (2) depth; 'animi', secrecy, reserve.
altor -oris, m. nourisher, foster-father.
altrix -icis, f. nurse, foster-mother.
altus -a -um, alte, etc. ; see under alo.
alucinor -ari, dep. to wander in mind, dream, talk idly.
alumnus -a -um, adj. used as noun, nursling, foster-child; hence pupil.
aluta -ae, f. soft leather; a shoe, purse or patch.
alvearium -i, n. beehive.
alveolus -i, m. tray, trough, bucket; gaming-board.
alveus -i, m. a hollow, cavity, trough; hence boat; also the hold of a ship; bathtub; bed of a stream; beehive; gaming-table.
alvus -i, f. belly, womb, stomach; hold of a ship, beehive.
amabilis -e, amiable, lovely; adv. amabiliter.
Amalthea -ae, f. either a nymph, the nurse of Jupiter in Crete or the goat on the milk of which Jupiter was reared.
amandatio -onis, f. a sending away.
amando -are, to send away.
amans, = partic. of amo; q.v.
amanuensis -is, m. secretary, clerk.
amaracinus -a -um, made of marjoram; n. as subst. marjoram ointment.
amaracus -i, c. and amaracum -i, n. marjoram.
amarantus -i, m. the amaranth.
amarities -ei, f. bitterness.
amaritudo -inis, f. bitterness; 'vocis', harshness of voice.
amaror -oris, m. bitterness.
amarus -a -um, bitter, pungent. Hence, of things, disagreeable, unpleasant; of persons, irritable; of speech, biting, acrimonious. Adv. amare, bitterly.
amator -oris, m. a lover, friend, admirer; esp.the lover of a woman.
amatorius -a -um, loving, amorous; n. as subst. a love philtre. Adv. amatorie.
amatrix -icis, f. mistress, sweetheart.
Amazon -onis, f.; gen. in plur. Amazones -um, myth., nation of female warriors. Hence subst. Amazonis -idis, f. = Amazon; adj. Amazonicus, Amazonius -a -um.
ambactus -i, m. vassal.
ambages, abl. -e, f. (of sing. only abl. found) a roundabout way, winding. Hence, in speech, etc., either circumlocution or obscurity, ambigui- ty.
ambedo -esse -edi -esum, to eat round, consume.
ambigo -ere, to go about or round. Transf., (1) to doubt, hesitate; 'ambigitur', impers., it is in doubt; (2) to dispute, wrangle.
ambiguitas -atis, f. ambiguity.
ambiguus -a -um, moving from side to side, doubtful, uncertain, insecure, unreliable; of speech, ambiguous, obscure; n. as subst. uncertainty, doubt, ambiguity. Adv. ambigue, ambiguously, indecisively.
ambio -ire -ivi or -ii -itum, to go round. Hence (1) to surround. (2) to go round from person to person, to approach, entreat, canvass (for votes, help, etc.).
Ambiorix -rigis, m. chief of the Eburones in Gallia Belgica.
ambitio -onis, f. canvassing for office (in a lawful manner); in gen., desire for office, popularity or fame.
ambitiosus -a -um, going round; esp. active in seeking office,popularity or fame; ambitious, ostentatious. Adv. ambitiose, ambitiously, ostentatiously.
ambitus -us, m. a going round, circuit, revolution. Hence, of things, border, edge or extent; in speech, circumlocution; in relation to persons, illegal canvassing for office, bribery, striving after popularity or effect.
ambo -ae -o, both, two together.
ambrosia -ae, f. am